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Sunday, September 23, 2012

5 Penyakit Kronis Incar Kalangan Muda (´•_•`)


| Terapkan Gaya Hidup Sehat Sedari Dini |
~istockphoto~
Gaya hidup yang buruk menurunkan kualitas kesehatan. Tak hanya meningkatkan risiko penyakit tertentu, tapi juga membuat tubuh ringkih sehingga mudah terserang penyakit di usia dini. 
Sejumlah penyakit yang umumnya menyerang seseorang di masa tua, mulai menghinggapi kalangan muda. "Ini karena banyak orang muda berpikir sok sehat, sehingga cenderung menerapkan gaya hidup buruk," kata Georges Benjamin, Direktur Eksekutif American Public Health Association kepada kantor berita MSN.
Berikut beberapa penyakit yang mulai mengancam masyarakat di usia dini:
  1. Diabetes Tipe 2
    Diagnosis awal: usia 40an atau 50an
    Saat ini mengancam: anak-anak
    Bagaimana mungkin, diabetes yang biasanya menyerang usia 40an bisa beralih menyerang anak-anak? Menurut Director MedStar Diabetes Institute, Michelle F Magee, ini karena faktor gaya hidup yang tak sehat, seperti terlalu banyak mengkonsumsi makanan mengandung gula yang menyebabkan kelebihan berat badan.

  2. Stroke
    Diagnosis awal: usia lebih 65 tahun
    Saat ini mengancam: usia 20an atau 30an
    Pola hidup tak sehat dengan mudah mematahkan kesehatan Anda. Kebiasaan merokok, membuka peluang dua kali lebih besar terkena ancaman stroke. Faktor lain yang memengaruhi adalah tekanan darah tinggi, diabetes, obesitas, dan kolesterol tinggi.
    Namun, risikonya dapat dikurangi dengan tidak merokok, mengurangi garam, asupan lemak trans, makan ikan dua kali seminggu, dan berolahraga secara teratur.

  3. Melanoma
    Diagnosis awal: usia 50an atau lebih
    Saat ini mengancam: remaja dan usia awal 20an
    Melanoma adalah sejenis kanker kulit serius. Menurut Journal Cancer Epidemiology, peluang tiga kali lebih besar terkena melanoma saat Anda melakukan tanning Bed. Tak hanya itu, paparan sinar matahari langsung juga dapat menyebabkan kerusakan kulit seperti ini.
    Oleh karenanya, hindari tanning bed dan pastikan selalu menggunakan pelembab atau sunblock dengan SPF 15 atau SPF 30 setiap bepergian keluar rumah. Lakukan pula pencegahan dari dalam seperti memperbanyak asupan vitamin D.

  4. Kanker Payudara
    Diagnosis awal: usia lebih 45 tahun
    Saat ini mengancam: remaja
    Penyakit yang tergolong silent killer ini umunya dipengaruhi oleh faktor keturunan. Akan tetapi dapat pula akibat faktor gaya hidup tak sehat, seperti kebiasaan merokok, minum alkohol, dan lainnya.
    Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, mengatakan bahwa olahraga teratur, mempertahankan berat badan ideal, dan membatasi asupan alkohol membantu mengurangi risiko penyakit ini.

  5. Alzheimer
    Diagnosis awal: usia lebih 65 tahun
    Saat ini mengancam: usia 40an
    Alzheimer merupakan penyakit yang muncul akibat minimnya respons otak atas kenangan masa lalu. Umumnya ditandai dengan gangguan daya ingat yang memengaruhi kegiatan sehari-hari. Orang juga menyebutnya sebagai pikun.
    Dr Gustavo Alva dari American Board of Psychiatry, mengatakan bahwa kita bisa melatih tubuh dan pikiran untuk menurunkan risiko mengalami masalah ini di usia dini. Aktifkan bagian otak yang jarang digunakan.
    Belajar bahasa baru atau memainkan alat musik cukup membantu melawan penurunan kognitif. "Menjaga tingkat kolesterol, tekanan darah, dan kebugaran tubuh juga penting karena apa yang baik untuk jantung juga baik untuk otak," Alva menambahkan.

Dikutip dari :
Maris, Stella; Pipiet Tri Noorastuti: Viva-life Health, September 2012.
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Friday, September 21, 2012

Tenses

A.     Present Tense
  1. Simple Present Tense
Formula : S + V1 + Complement
Examples :
a.       Positive
o   Rizky reads an English novel.
o   They sweep their classroom everymorning.
o   They go to the Brastagi for holiday.
b.       Negative
o   Rizky doesn’t read an English novel.
o   They don’t sweep their classroom everymorning.
o   They don’t go to the Brastagi for holiday.
c.       Interogative
o  Does Rizky read an English novel ?
o   They sweep their classroom everymorning ?
o  Do they go to the Brastagi for holiday ?

  1. Present Continuous Tense
We use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something which is happening at the time of speaking. We also use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something which is happening around the time of speaking, but not necessarily exactly at the time of speaking.
Formula : S + is, am, are + Ving + Complement
Examples :
a.       Positive
o  I am reading an English novel.
o  Father is driving his new car.
o  Putra is washing the dishes.
b.       Negative
o  I am not reading an English novel.
o  Father isn’t driving his new car.
o  Putra isn’t washing the dishes.
c.       Interogative
o  Am I reading an English novel ?
o  Is Father driving his new car ?
o  Is Putra washing the dishes ?

  1. Present Perfect Tense
Formula : S + have/has + V3 + Complement
Examples :
a.       Positive
o  Jony has done his homework.
o  He has phoned me just now.
o  They have watered the plants.
b.       Negative
o  Jony hasn’t done his homework.
o   He hasn’t phoned me just now.
o   They haven’t watered the plants.
c.       Interogative
o  Has Jony done his homework ?
o  Has he phoned me just now ?
o  Have they watered the plants ?

  1. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Formula : S + have/has + been + Ving
Examples :
a.       Positive
o  She has been reading a book.
o  She has been writing an exercise.
o  He has been washing the dishes.
b.       Negative
o   She hasn’t been reading a book.
o   She hasn’t been writing an exercise.
o   He hasn’t been washing the dishes.
c.       Interogative
o  Has been reading a book ?
o  Has she been writing an exercise ?
o  Has he been washing the dishes?


B.     Past Tense
  1. Simple Past Tense
We use The Past Simple to talk about actions or situation in the past.
The adverbs of time used in this tense are : Yesterday – last… - a week ago – this morning – last night – yesterday morning – yerterweek – yestermonth – yesteryear – etc.
Formula : S + V2 + Complement
Examples :
a.       Positive
o  I sent a letter yesterday.
o  He read an English novel last night.
o  He washed his car yesterday.
b.       Negative
o   I didn’t send a letter yesterday.
o  He didnn’t read an English novel last night.
o   He didn’t wash his car yesterday.
c.       Interogative
o  Did I send a letter yesterday ?
o  Did he read an English novel last night ?
o  Did he wash his car yesterday ?

  1. Past Continuous Tense
Formula : S + was/were + Ving + Complement
Examples :
a.       Positive
o  She was reading an English novel.
o  Father was driving his new car.
o  She was washing the dishes.
b.       Negative
o  She wasn’t reading an English novel.
o  Father wasn’t driving his new car.
o  She wasn’t washing the dishes
c.       Interogative
o  Was she reading an English novel ?
o  Was father driving his new car ?
o  Was she washing the dishes ?

  1. Past Perfect Tense
Formula : S + had + V3 + Complement
Examples :
a.       Positive
o  They had done their homework.
o  I had washed the clothes.
o  They had watered the plants.
b.       Negative
o  They hadn’t done their homework.
o  I hadn’t washed the clothes
o  They hadn’t watered the plants.
c.       Interogative
o  Had they done their homework ?
o  Had I washed the clothes ?
o  Was father driving his new car ?
o  Had they watered the plants ?

  1. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Formula : S + had + been + Ving + Complement
Examples :
a.       Positive
o  I had been watering the plants.
o  She had been washing the car.
o  They had been reading their book.
b.       Negative
o  I hadn’t been watering the plants.
o  She hadn’t been washing the car.
o  They hadn’t been reading their book.
c.       Interogative
o  Had I been watering the plants ?
o  Had she been washing the car ?
o  Had they been reading their book ?


C.     Future Tense
  1. Present Future Tense
Formula : S + shall/will + V1 + Complement
Examples :
a.       Positive
o  We shall visit Bali next holiday.
o  They will celebrate our independence day.
o   She will join the speech competition.
b.       Negative
o  We shall not visit Bali next holiday.
o  They will not celebrate our independence day.
o  She will not join the speech competition.
c.       Interogative
o  Shall we visit Bali next holiday ?
o  Will they celebrate our independence day ?
o  Will she join the speech competition ?

  1. Present Future Continuous Tense
Formula : S + shall/will + be + Ving + Complement
Examples :
a.       Positive
o  We shall be visiting Bali next holiday.
o  They will be celebrate our independence day.
o   She will be join the speech competition.
b.       Negative
o  We shall not be visiting Bali next holiday.
o  They will not be celebrate our independence day.
o  She will not be join the speech competition.
c.       Interogative
o  Shall we be visit Bali next holiday ?
o  Will they be celebrate our independence day ?
o  Will she be join the speech competition ?

  1. Past Perfect Tense
Formula : S + shall/will + have + V3 + Complement
Examples :
a.       Positive
o  They will have done their homework.
o  He will have phoned Ricky just now.
o   They will have visited my home next week.
b.       Negative
o  They will not have done their homework.
o  He will not have phoned Ricky just now.
o  They will not have visited my home next week.
c.       Interogative
o  Will they have done their homework ?
o  Will he have phoned Rizky just now ?
o  Will they have visited my home next week ?

  1. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Formula : S + shall/will + have + been + Ving + Complement
Examples :
a.       Positive
o  They will have been watering the plants.
o   He will have been washing the car.
o   Andini will have been reading her book.
b.       Negative
o  They will not have been watering the plants.
o  He will not have been washing the car.
o   Andini will not have been reading her book.
c.       Interogative
o  Will they have been watering the plants ?
o  Will he have been washing the car ?
o  Will Andini have been reading her book ?


D.     Past Future Tense
  1. Past Future Tense
Formula : S + should/would + V1 + Complement
Examples :
a.       Positive
o  I would visit Brastagi next holiday.
b.       Negative
o  I would not visit Brastagi next holiday.
c.       Interogative
o  Would I visit Brastagi next holiday ?

  1. Present Future Continuous Tense
Formula : S + should/would + be+ Ving + Complement
Examples :
a.       Positive
o  She should be reading an English novel.
b.       Negative
o  She should not be reading an English novel.
c.       Interogative
o  Should she be reading an English novel ?

  1. Past Future Perfect Tense
Formula : S + should/would + have + V3 + Complement
Examples :
a.       Positive
o  They would have done their homework.
b.       Negative
o  They would not have done their homework.
c.       Interogative
o  Would they have done their homework ?

  1. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Formula : S + should/would + have + been + Ving + Complement
Examples :
a.       Positive
o  They would have been watering the plants.
b.       Negative
o  They would not have been watering the plants.
c.       Interogative
o  Would they have been watering the plants ?
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